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Some Useful Nmap commands

CYBERATOR

1: Scan a single host or an IP address (IPv4)

### Scan a single ip address ###
nmap 192.168.1.1
nmap cyberator.in
nmap -V cyberator.in (detailed output)

2: Scan multiple IP address or subnet (IPv4)

nmap 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3
## works with same subnet i.e. 192.168.1.0/24
nmap 192.168.1.1,2,3 
 
You can scan a range of IP address too:
nmap 192.168.1.1-20
 
You can scan a range of IP address using a wildcard: 
nmap 192.168.1.*
 
Finally, you scan an entire subnet:
nmap 192.168.1.0/24
 

3: Read list of hosts/networks from a file (IPv4)

The -iL option allows you to read the list of target systems using a text file. This is useful to scan a large number of hosts/networks.

Step 1: Create a text file as follows:
cat > /tmp/network.txt

Sample outputs:
techbharat.org
192.168.1.0/24
192.168.1.1/24
10.1.2.3
localhost 
 
The syntax is:
nmap -iL /tmp/network.txt
 

 4: Excluding hosts/networks (IPv4)

When scanning a large number of hosts/networks you can exclude hosts from a scan:
nmap 192.168.1.0/24 --exclude 192.168.1.5
nmap 192.168.1.0/24 --exclude 192.168.1.5,192.168.1.254

OR exclude list from a file called /tmp/exclude.txt
nmap -iL /tmp/network.txt --excludefile /tmp/exclude.txt

5: Turn on OS and version detection scanning script (IPv4)

nmap -A 192.168.1.254
nmap -v -A 192.168.1.1
nmap -A -iL /tmp/network.txt 
 

6:Scan an IPv6 host/address

The -6 option enable IPv6 scanning. The syntax is:

nmap -6 IPv6-Address-Here 
nmap -6 techbharat.org
nmap -6 2607:f0d0:1002:51::4
nmap -v A -6 2607:f0d0:1002:51::4
 

7:Find out if a host/network is protected by a firewall

nmap -sA 192.168.1.254
nmap -sA techbharat.org
 

8:Scan a host when protected by the firewall

nmap -PN 192.168.1.1
nmap -PN techbharat.org

9: Scan a network and find out which servers and devices are up and running

This is known as host discovery or ping scan:

nmap -sP 192.168.1.0/24

Sample outputs:

Host 192.168.1.1 is up (0.00035s latency).
MAC Address: BC:AE:C5:C3:16:93 (Unknown)
Host 192.168.1.2 is up (0.0038s latency).
MAC Address: 74:44:01:40:57:FB (Unknown)
Host 192.168.1.5 is up.
Host nas03 (192.168.1.12) is up (0.0091s latency).
MAC Address: 00:11:32:11:15:FC (Synology Incorporated)
Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (4 hosts up) scanned in 2.80 second
 

10:Display the reason a port is in a particular state

nmap --reason 192.168.1.1
nmap --reason techbharat.org

11:How do I perform a fast scan?

nmap -F 192.168.1.1

12: Only show open (or possibly open) ports

nmap --open 192.168.1.1
nmap --open techbharat.org
 

13: Show all packets sent and received

nmap --packet-trace 192.168.1.1
nmap --packet-trace techbharat.org

14:Show host interfaces and routes

This is useful for debugging (ip command or route command or netstat command like output using nmap)
 
nmap --iflist

Sample outputs:

Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2013-11-27 02:01 IST
************************INTERFACES************************
DEV    (SHORT)  IP/MASK          TYPE        UP MAC
lo     (lo)     127.0.0.1/8      loopback    up
eth0   (eth0)   192.168.1.5/24   ethernet    up B0:34:6F:dd:31:E5
vmnet1 (vmnet1) 192.168.121.1/24 ethernet    up 00:50:56:C0:00:01
vmnet8 (vmnet8) 192.168.179.1/24 ethernet    up 00:50:56:C0:00:08
ppp0   (ppp0)   10.1.19.69/32    point2point up
 
**************************ROUTES**************************
DST/MASK         DEV    GATEWAY
10.0.31.178/32   ppp0
209.133.67.35/32 eth0   192.168.1.2
192.168.1.0/0    eth0
192.168.121.0/0  vmnet1
192.168.179.0/0  vmnet8
169.254.0.0/0    eth0
10.0.0.0/0       ppp0
0.0.0.0/0        eth0   192.168.1.2
 

15: How to scan specific ports?

map -p [port] hostName
## Scan port 80  
nmap -p 80 192.168.1.1
## Scan TCP port 80
nmap -p T:80 192.168.1.1    
## Scan UDP port 53  
nmap -p U:53 192.168.1.1    
## Scan two ports ##
nmap -p 80,443 192.168.1.1    
## Scan port ranges ##
nmap -p 80-200 192.168.1.1    
## Combine all options ##
nmap -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080 192.168.1.1  
nmap -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080 server1.cyberciti.biz
nmap -v -sU -sT -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080 192.168.1.254    
## Scan all ports with * wildcard ##
nmap -p "*" 192.168.1.1
## Scan top ports i.e. scan $number most common ports ##  
nmap --top-ports 5 192.168.1.1  
nmap --top-ports 10 192.168.1.1

Sample outputs:
Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2013-11-27 01:23 IST
Interesting ports on 192.168.1.1:
PORT     STATE     SERVICE
21/tcp      closed      ftp
22/tcp      open        ssh
23/tcp      closed     telnet
25/tcp      closed     smtp
80/tcp      open       http
110/tcp    closed     pop3
139/tcp    closed    netbios-ssn
443/tcp    closed    https
445/tcp    closed    microsoft-ds
3389/tcp  closed    ms-term-serv
MAC Address: AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF (Unknown)
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.51 seconds
 

16: The fastest way to scan all your devices/computers for open ports ever

nmap -T5 192.168.1.0/24
 

17: How to detect remote operating system?

You can identify a remote host apps and OS using the -O option:
 
nmap -O 192.168.1.1
nmap -O  --osscan-guess 192.168.1.1
nmap -v -O --osscan-guess 192.168.1.1

Sample outputs:
Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2013-11-27 01:29 IST
NSE: Loaded 0 scripts for scanning.
Initiating ARP Ping Scan at 01:29
Scanning 192.168.1.1 [1 port]
Completed ARP Ping Scan at 01:29, 0.01s elapsed (1 total hosts)
Initiating Parallel DNS resolution of 1 host. at 01:29
Completed Parallel DNS resolution of 1 host. at 01:29, 0.22s elapsed
Initiating SYN Stealth Scan at 01:29
Scanning 192.168.1.1 [1000 ports]
Discovered open port 80/tcp on 192.168.1.1
Discovered open port 22/tcp on 192.168.1.1
Completed SYN Stealth Scan at 01:29, 0.16s elapsed (1000 total ports)
Initiating OS detection (try #1) against 192.168.1.1
Retrying OS detection (try #2) against 192.168.1.1
Retrying OS detection (try #3) against 192.168.1.1
Retrying OS detection (try #4) against 192.168.1.1
Retrying OS detection (try #5) against 192.168.1.1
Host 192.168.1.1 is up (0.00049s latency).
Interesting ports on 192.168.1.1:
Not shown: 998 closed ports
PORT   STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open  ssh
80/tcp open  http
MAC Address: BC:AE:C5:C3:16:93 (Unknown)
Device type: WAP|general purpose|router|printer|broadband router
Running (JUST GUESSING) : Linksys Linux 2.4.X (95%)
Aggressive OS guesses: OpenWrt White Russian 0.9 (Linux 2.4.30) (95%)
No exact OS matches for host (If you know what OS is running on it, see http://nmap.org/submit/ ).
TCP/IP fingerprint:
OS:SCAN(V=5.00%D=11/27%OT=22%CT=1%CU=30609%PV=Y%DS=1%G=Y%M=BCAEC5%TM=50B3CA
OS:4B%P=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu)SEQ(SP=C8%GCD=1%ISR=CB%TI=Z%CI=Z%II=I%TS=7
OS:)OPS(O1=M2300ST11NW2%O2=M2300ST11NW2%O3=M2300NNT11NW2%O4=M2300ST11NW2%O5
OS:=M2300ST11NW2%O6=M2300ST11)WIN(W1=45E8%W2=45E8%W3=45E8%W4=45E8%W5=45E8%W
OS:6=45E8)ECN(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=4600%O=M2300NNSNW2%CC=N%Q=)T1(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%S
OS:=O%A=S+%F=AS%RD=0%Q=)T2(R=N)T3(R=N)T4(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%R
OS:D=0%Q=)T5(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)T6(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=
OS:0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T7(R=N)U1(R=Y%DF=N%T=40%IPL=164%UN=0%RIPL=G%RID
OS:=G%RIPCK=G%RUCK=G%RUD=G)IE(R=Y%DFI=N%T=40%CD=S)
Uptime guess: 12.990 days (since Wed Nov 14 01:44:40 2012)
Network Distance: 1 hop
TCP Sequence Prediction: Difficulty=200 (Good luck!)
IP ID Sequence Generation: All zeros
Read data files from: /usr/share/nmap
OS detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 12.38 seconds
           Raw packets sent: 1126 (53.832KB) | Rcvd: 1066 (46.100KB)

 

18: How do I detect remote services (server / daemon) version numbers?

nmap -sV 192.168.1.1

Sample outputs:
Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2013-11-27 01:34 IST
Interesting ports on 192.168.1.1:
Not shown: 998 closed ports
PORT   STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open  ssh     Dropbear sshd 0.52 (protocol 2.0)
80/tcp open  http?
1 service unrecognized despite returning data. 
 

19: Scan a host using TCP ACK (PA) and TCP Syn (PS) ping

If firewall is blocking standard ICMP pings, try the following host discovery methods:
nmap -PS 192.168.1.1
nmap -PS 80,21,443 192.168.1.1
nmap -PA 192.168.1.1 
nmap -PA 80,21,200-512 192.168.1.1

20: Scan a host using IP protocol ping

nmap -PO 192.168.1.1
 

 

 

Labels:
Location: New Delhi, Delhi, India

Comments

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